Liquid crystal is liquid crystal, is a very special material. Is a very special substance. It flows like a liquid and has some optical properties of the crystal. Liquid crystal in 1888 by the Austrian botanist Reinitzer found that is a solid and liquid between the regular molecular arrangement of organic compounds, liquid crystal molecules arranged in a certain order, and this order on the external conditions, such as temperature, Electromagnetic field changes are very sensitive. Under the action of the electric field, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules will change, thus affecting its optical properties, this phenomenon is called electro-optical effect.
LED display is usually mounted on two glass substrates with alignment film, the liquid crystal will be aligned along the groove, because the glass substrate alignment groove deviation from 900, the molecules in the liquid crystal in the same plane as a blind as a neat arrangement, Of the nematic from one surface to another surface transition will gradually reverse 900, that is two layers of the arrangement of the phase difference of 900. The most commonly used led liquid crystal type nematic (nematic) liquid crystal, molecular shape for the elongated rod shape, length and width of about 1-10nm (1nm = 10Am), under different current electric field, the liquid crystal molecules will do regular rotation 90 degrees Arranged, resulting in the difference in transmittance, so the power on and off under the action of the difference between light and shade, in order to control the principle of each pixel, can constitute the required image.